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Photographic 

Sciences 

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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

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CIHM/ICMH 

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Canadian  Institute  for  Historicai  IVIicroreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


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Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


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which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
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the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


D 


D 


D 
D 


D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagde 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pelliculde 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


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Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl^mentaires; 


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modification  dans  la  mdthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


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D 
0 
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obscurcies  par  un  feuiilet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
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obtenir  la  meilleure  im>)ge  possible. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

2BX 

30X 

1 

y 

12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 


L'exemplaire  fiimd  fut  reproduit  grdce  d  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 


University  of  Windsor 


University  of  Windsor 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — »•  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetd  de  l'exemplaire  film^,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
fiimage. 

Les  exempiaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimis  sent  filmis  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exempiaires 
originaux  sont  fiimis  en  commen9ant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  an  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — »>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  cherts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  6tre 
film6s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  filmd  d  partir 
de  I'angle  supirieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nicessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

-12  3 

4  5  6 


BULLETIN  NO.  4 


OF  THE 


Illinois  State  Museum 


OF 


NATURAL  HISTORY. 


UPPER  DEVONIAN  AND  NIAGARA  CRINOIDS. 


By  S.  a.  miller  and  Wm.  F.  E.  GURLEY. 


Springfield,  Illinois, 
October  15,  1894. 


SPKINGFIELD,  ILL. 
Ed.  F.  Habtman,  State  Printer, 

1894. 


ILLINOIS  STATE  MUSEUM 


OF 


Natural  History, 


SPRINGFIELD,  ILLINOIS. 


Board  of  Trustees. 

John  P.  Altqeld,  Governor. 

William  H.  Hinrichsen,  Secreiary  of  State. 

Henry  Raab,  Superintendeni  Public  Instruction. 


George  Walter  Murray, 

Secretary. 

William  F.  E.  Gurley, 

State  Geologist  and  Curator. 


?0£798 


SUBKENGDOM    ECIIINODERMATA. 


CLASS  CRINOIDEA. 

ORDER  pal;kocrinoidea. 

FAMILY    MELOCRINID/E. 

DOLATOCHINUS    MAGNIFICUS,    U.    sp. 

Plate  1,  Fig.  1,  Ixisal  view  of  lite  rdbjx,  injured    in    the    middle 

part;  Fig.  2,  view  of   Ihe  roult,  part  of  which  is  broken 

awaii   and    ihe    sufuren    beltveen  the  ylaies   only 

partlij    preserved ;   Fig.    3,  lateral    view, 

with  ihe  six-ctrmed  ray  in  front  and 

showing  height  of  vault. 

Calyx  very  large  sub-lieraispheroidal,  broadly  lobed  in  the  radial 
fields  and  slightly  concave  below.  The  radial  field  opposite  the 
azygous  side  is  inucli  larger,  more  prominent  and.  more  broadly 
lobed  than  either  of  the  others.  The  diameter  of  the  specimen 
illustrated  is  two  and  six-tenths  inches  and  height  one  and  two- 
tenths  inches.  The  dome  is  only  moderately  ctmvex,  the  radial 
areas  being  raised  and  the  interradial  areas  depressed.  Surface  of 
the  plates  of  the  calyx  sculptured,  the  larger  ones  bearing  a  cen- 
tral node.  The  radiating  ridges  do  not  connect  from  o  :  plate  to 
another,  as  is  usual  in  the  ornamentation  of  crinoids,  bu  a  radi- 
ating ridge  may  be  directed  toward  the  suture  between  two  adjoin- 
ing plates,  instead  of  joining  an  end  to  that  of  a  similar  ridge  on 
a  contiguous  plate;  and  there  are  shorter  and  longer  ridges  and 
nodes  on  the  plates.  The  i)lates  of  a  kind,  however,  are  orna- 
mented alike  and  on  the  wliole  the  ornamentation  is  very  pleasing. 

The  column,  in  our  specimen,  is  broken  off  by  an  irregular  fract- 
ure and  part  of  the  radial  plates  are  injured.  Enough  is  preserved, 
however,  to  show  that  the  column  is  very  large  and  conceals  the 
basal  plates  that  are  deeply  sunken  in  the  interior  of  the  calyx. 
The  columnar  canal  is  slightly  peutalobate. 


6 


Basal  plates  concealed  in  the  calyx.  First  primary  radials  prob- 
ably as  long  as  wide,  including  the  projection  up  into  the  calyx 
to  reach  the  basal  plates,  but  one- half  wider  than  high  as  exposed 
around  the  columnar  cavity.  The  superior  side  of  each  is  quite 
concave,  and  the  inferior  end  is  abruptly  sunk  in  the  basal  cavity, 
so  as  to  form  a  funnel  around  the  upper  end  of  the  column,  as 
we  have  seen  in  specimens  of  D.  marshi  and  other  species  in  this 
genus,  but  the  depth  of  the  funnel  we  have  not  observed  in  this 
species. 

Second  primary  radials  (quadrangular,  one-third  wider  than  high, 
both  the  inferior  and  superior  sides  somewhat  convex,  and  each 
bears  a  rather  large  central  tubercle.  The  superior  sides  of  these 
plates  curve  slightly  upward  and  the  inferior  sides  bend  a  little 
towartl  the  basal  depression,  so  that  the  calyx  may  be  made  to  rest 
on  the  central  tubercles  of  these  plates. 

Third  primary  radials,  in  four  of  the  rays,  pentagonal,  larger 
than  the  second  radials  and  about  one-fourth  wider  than  long.  We 
will  follow  these  four  rays  to  the  arms  and  afterward  recur  to  the 
other  ray.  On  each  of  the  upper  sloping  sides  of  these  four  third 
primary  radials  there  is  a  single,  large,  hexagonal,  secondary  radial, 
which  supports  on  each  of  its  superior  sides  two  tertiary  radials, 
the  last  of  which  supports  the  free  arms.  This  gives  us  four  arms 
to  each  of  these  four  radial  series. 

In  the  other  or  fifth  ray,  wliich  is  opposite  the  azygous  area, 
the  third  primary  radial  is  broadly  truncated  above,  hexagonal, 
twice  as  wide  as  high,  and  supports,  upon  its  upper  face,  a  series 
of  three  iutersecondary  and  intertertiary  plates,  and  upon  each  of 
its  superior  lateral  sides  a  single  large  secondary  radial,  one  of 
which  is  hexagonal  and  the  other  heptagonal.  Each  secondary 
radial  bears  upon  its  inner  superior  sloping  side  a  series  of  three 
tertiary  radials,  the  last  one  of  which  bears  a  free  arm,  and  upon 
its  outer  superior  sloping  side  a  single,  large,  tertiary  radial,  which, 
in  turn,  supports  upon  each  of  its  two  upper  sloping  sides  two 
radials  of  the  fourth  or  quarternary  series,  the  last  of  which  sup- 
port free  arms.  This  structure  gives  to  this  ray  six  arms.  The 
first  iutersecondary  radial  in  this  series  is  a  large,  quadrangular 
plate,  having  neaily  equal  sides;  it  is  followed  by  an  hexagonal 
plate  abutting  its  two  undersloping  sides  upon  the  secondary  radials 
and  two  upper  sloping  sides  upon  the  tertiary  radials  and  sup- 
porting upon  the  upper  truncated  face  a  somewhat  smaller  pentag- 


onal  plato,  that  abuts  its  superior  sloping  sides  against  the  adja- 
cent tertiary  radials,  that  support  the  free  arms.  Tlie  six  plates 
that  support  the  six  free  arms  in  this  radial  series  abut  against 
each  other  without  any  intervening  plates. 

There  are,  as  shown  above,  twenty-two  arms,  in  this  species, 
which  are  more  than  have  been  founil  in  any  species  heretofore 
described.  If,  however,  the  ray  containing  six  arms  and  throe  in- 
terradial  plates  is  abnormal  the  species  would  have  twenty  arms 
and  still  be  so  different  from  any  species  heretofore  described  that 
no  comparison  with  any  of  them  would  serve  any  purpose  in  dis- 
tinguishing it.  There  is  nothing  to  indicate  that  this  six-armed 
radial,  series  may  be  abnormal  and  we  believe  it  is  in  the  normal 
condition  of  the  species. 

The  first  interradials  are  the  larger  plates  of  the  calyx  as  ex- 
posed on  the  surface,  and  larger,  in  fact,  than  any  of  the  other 
plates,  unless  the  fifst  primary  radials,  including  that  part  which 
forms  the  funnel  in  the  columnar  cavity  should  prove  to  have  as 
great  or  greater  size.  The  one  opposite  the  six-armed  series  or 
first  azygous  interradial  is  the  larger  one  and  has  eleven  sides;  an 
approximate  one  is  the  smaller  and  has  nine  sides;  the  other  three 
have  ten  sides  each.  The  first  interradial  is  followed  by  a  single 
plate  that  extends  nearly  to  the  top  of  the  calyx,  and  which,  in 
turn,  is  followed  by  one  or  two  small  plates  that  separate  the  arms 
and  connect  with  the  plates  of  the  vault,  except  in  the  azygous 
area,  where  three  plates  separate  the  arms  and  connect  with  the 
plates  of  the  vault.  The  sutures  between  the  plates  in  the  upper 
part  of  some  of  the  interradial  areas  are  not  distinct  in  our  speci- 
men, and  for  that  reason  are  not  shown  in  the  illustration. 

The  dome  or  vault,  as  may  be  seen  in  the  illustration,  has  part 
of  the  plates  broken  away  on  the  azygous  side  and  some  of  the 
sutures  are  anchylosed  or  obscure.  It  is,  however,  covered  with 
large,  polygonal  plates  of  very  unequal  size.  It  is  most  convex 
toward  the  six-armed  series  opposite  the  azygous  side  and  most 
sinuate  or  depressed  at  the  azygous  interradius.  No  pores  or  pas- 
sages through  the  vault  between  the  arms  have  been  found  in  our 
specimen. 

The  specimen  from  which  the  foregoing  description  is  drawn  is 
the  largest  known  Dolatocrinus.  It  was  found  in  the  Hamilton 
Group,  at  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio,  and  is  now  in  the  collection  of 
Wm.  F.  E.  Gurley. 


8 


1)0LAT0(!11INUH   Hl'INOHUH    11.    sp. 

Plaie  I,  Fi(}.  /,  Ixisal  ricio  of  the  cdli/jr,  in'llioul  Ihc  i^urfdcc  mark- 
ings of  the  j>l(tlcs;  Fitj.  .'),  Utlrvdl  ririr,  sfioiritK/  some 
of  ihc  spincti  on  Ihc  philcs  of  Ihc  rauU. 

Calyx  large,  subhemisphtToidal,  broadly  lobcd  in  tlio  radiil  fields, 
and  depressed  concave  on  the  Iowim-  Hide.  Ap|)Hreiitly  no  nzygous 
interradius.  The  diameter  of  the  Hpeciinen  illiiHtnited  Ih  two  and 
two-tenths  inches,  and  height  three-fourths  of  an  inch,  though  we 
have  seen  specimens  only  about  two-thirds  as  large.  Vault  moderately 
convex  and  slightly  depressed  in  the  interradial  areas.  A  strong 
ridge  crosses  the  primary  radinls.  Column  round  and  ileeply  in- 
serted in  the  calyx.  Surface  ornamentation  not  preserved  in  any 
of  our  specimens. 

Basal  plates  sunk  deep  within  the  calyx  and  extending  internally 
as  high  as  the  arm  openings.  First  primary  radials  twice  as  wide 
as  high  externally,  but  near  the  middle  of  the  plates  they  are 
abruptly  bent,  almost  at  right  angles,  into  the  basal  cavity,  where 
they  form  a  funnel  to  the  basal  plates,  into  which  the  column  is 
inserted,  so  that,  in  fact,  their  length  is  fully  equal  to  their  great- 
est width.     The  superior  face  is  slightly  concave. 

Second  primary  radials  quadrangular  and  more  than  one-half 
wider  than  high.  Third  primar  ■  radials  slightly  larger  than  the 
second,  pentagonal,  a  little  wider  than  high,  an<l  supporting  upon 
each  upper  sloping  side  a  single  secondary  radial. 

Secondary  radials  nearly  as  large  as  the  third  primary  radials 
pentagonal,  and  supporting  upon  each  upper  sloping  side  a  series 
of  three  tertiary  radials,  the  last  one  of  which  bears  the  free  arms. 
The  first  tertiary  radials  are  larger  than  the  second  or  third.  The 
species  bears  twenty  arms. 

The  first  inter  radials,  in  each  area,  are  elongated  eleven  sided 
plates  and  larger  than  any  of  the  other  plates  in  the  body.  Each 
one  is  followed  by  an  hexagonal  plate  that  is  as  long  or  longer  than 
wide  and  supports  three  narrow,  elongated  plates  in  the  third 
range  that  reach  as  high  as  the  base  of  the  arms.  These  are  fol- 
lowed, in  the  fourth  range,  by  three  plates  that  separate  the  arms, 
and  unite  with  the  plates  of  the  vault.  One  or  two  intersecond- 
ary  plates  (apparently  a  pair  of  them)  are  inserted  at  the  base  of 
the  arms   in  the  intersecondary  areas,  but   it   is  not  clear,  in  our 


0 

sppcimcnp,  timt  tlit'y  luiitowifli  tlir  plntos  of  tlio  vmilt.  Prohnbly 
they  do  not,  l)ut  ns  the  Hiitiiics  mit  dfHtroycfl  thin  ciiiiiiot  \)v  dt?- 
tcrrniiM'd. 

The  limcHtoiu'  matrix  c'ovcr.H  the  ;,'roator  part  of  tin-  vault,  iu 
oixr  boat  spc^cimcii,  ho  tliat  Imt  little  can  he  said  of  it  hcyond  what 
is  sliown  by  tin'  illiiKtration.  It  is  charartori/.cd,  h()\v«'V<M',  liy  a 
plate  over  each  double  radial  belies  wliieli  l)ear8  a  very  loii^,  strong 
spine.  The  broken  ends  of  spines  belon^;in)j!  ♦(>  other  jilates  are 
preserved  in  the  nuitrix,  but  tlieic  is  no  evidtMiee  of  a  prolioHcis. 
The  BUUiinit  of  tluMault  is  apiiarrnily  below  the  top  of  the  matrix 
hIiowii  in  the  illustration,  and  not  as  liiijh  as  tlie  top  of  tlip  spines 
over  the  radial  series. 

There  have  been  described,  heietofore,  only  two  species  bear- 
ing twenty  aruiH  — D.  Uiniclldsiis  and  P.  hoasli — and  this  species 
is  so  far  removed    from   them  tliat  comparison  is  unnecessary. 

Found  in  the  Hamilton  Group,  at  Charleston,  Indiana,  and  now 
in  the  collection  of  Wm.  F.  E.  Gurley. 


DOLATOCUINUS    LACl'S,   Lyon. 

Phde  I,  Fiij.  a,  siilc  ricir:   F'kj.  7,  Ixisnl  ricir. 

Lyon  described  the  body  as  "subglobose,  truncated  below,  col- 
umnar pit  broad  and  deep;  summit  somewhat  conical,  prolonged 
by  a  proboscis:  column  round,  columnar  jjerforation  rather  large 
and  pentalobate."  He  said;  "The  body  is  adorned  by  a  most 
beautiful  network  of  raised  triangular  figures;  the  points  of  the 
principal  triangular  figures  rise  from,  and  terminate  at  the  center 
of  the  first  interradial  pieces;  a  sul)ordinate  set  of  figures  terminate 
at  the  center  of  all  the  pieces  below  the  arms.  In  soine  spec- 
imens the  lines  are  continuous,  in  others,  interrupted.  The  sum- 
mit pieces  are  sometimes  adorned  by  a  single  prominent  granule; 
in  other  specimens,  many  of  the  i)ieces  are  ornamented  by  a  num- 
ber of  granules,  arranged  in  lines  across  some  of  the  pieces  in 
nearly  parallel  rows,  or  in  a  circular  band  around  a  more  promi- 
nent central  one." 

Our  specimens  agree  with  the  above  descriptitm  and  in  compar- 
ison with  other  species  we  would  note  the  high  calyx,  with  a  slight 
constriction  below  the  arm  bases,  the  flattened  or  truncated  base, 
and  pentagonal,  funnel  shaped,  columnar  pit,  bounded  externally 
-2  G. 


10 

by  a  raised  ridge  running  from  a  central  tubercle  on  each  first 
radial  to  another,  so  as  to  bound  the  columnar  cavity  with  a  raised 
pentagonal  figure.  We  have  illustrated  a  basal  view  to  show  this 
pentagonal  oi^tiine,  because  Lyoa's  figure  does  not  show  its  peu- 
tagoual  character. 

The  basal  plates  are  deeply  sunken.  First  primary  radials  in- 
cluding the  extension  into  the  columnar  cavi<^y  longer  than  wide; 
ornamented  with  sculptured  ridges,  which  terminate  at  a  central 
nt)de,  at  each  angle  of  the  columnar  depression.  Second  radials 
quandraiigular,  wider  than  high,  and  bearing  a  central  node.  Third 
radials  pentagonal,  wider  than  high,  and  bearing  a  central  node. 
First  secondary  radials  as  large  or  larger  than  the  third  primary 
radials.  Second  secondary  radials  much  smaller  and  of  irregular 
form  and  size,  Tliird  secondary  radials  still  smaller  and  of  irreg- 
ular form  and  size.  Arras,  ten,  composed  of  ovoid  flat  pieces  of 
equal  tiiickuess. 

First  interradials  the  larger  plates  of  the  calyx,  nine-sided,  sub- 
ovate,  angularly  pointed  below  and  resting  between  the  upper  slop- 
ing sides  of  the  first  primary  radials,  the  upper  sloping  sides  separate 
the  first  secondary  radials  and  the  superior  side  is  truncated  for  a 
single  plate  in  the  second  range.  Second  interradials  subquadrate, 
four  pentagonal  and  one  quandrangular  and  followed  by  two  small 
})lates  in  the  tliird  range  (in  some  areas  there  are  three)  and 
these  by  three  smaller,  elongated  plates  (sometimes  there  are  only 
two)  that  separate  the  arms  and  unite  with  the  plates  of  the  vault. 
Intersecondary  plates,  two,  similar  to  the  last  three  in  the  inter- 
radial  areas,  anci  separating  the  arm  bases  and  uniting  with  the 
plates  of  the  vault.  Above  the  summit  of  the  three  inter- 
secondary plates  and  also  above  the  summit  of  the  last  two  or 
three  interradials,  two  elongated  pores  or  passages  penetrate  the 
vault  horizontally.  In  some  interradial  areas  there  are  four  of 
these  pores,  especially  where  there  are  three  plates  in  the  third 
range.  Tiiese  pores  are  conspicuous,  in  our  specimens,  but  they 
seem  to  have  been  entirely  overlooked  by  Lyon,  for  they  are  not 
shown  in  his  illustration  or  mentioned  in  his  text.  We  have  given 
a  side  view  of  a  specimen  for  the  purpose  of  showing  the  inter- 
radials and  intersecondary  plates  and  the  pores,  because  Lyon's 
illustration  is  very  erroneous  and  defective,  in  all  these  respects. 
Found  in  the  Upper  Helderberg  Group,  at  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio, 
and  in  Clark  County,  Indiana. 


11 


DOLATOCRINUS  MARSHI,  Lyou. 


Plate  1,  Fig.  8,  showing  the  abrupt  bending  of   flic    first    radiais 
into  a  pentagonal  funnel  shaped  car  it  y. 

This  species  was  described  and  illustrated,  by  Lyou,  in  18()'.t,  in 
the  Transactions  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  vol.  XIII, 
p.  461,  pi.  XXVII,  Figs,  n,  nl  and  n2.  His  description  and 
illustrations  are  very  good,  and  for  the  purpose  of  identifying  the 
species  none  other  are  necessary,  but  that  publication  is  rare  and 
but  few  western  people  ever  have  an  opportunity  to  see  it,  and, 
for  that  reason  alone,  we  are  justified  in  redescribiug  it.  But  our 
principal  object,  in  calling  attention  to  it,  is  for  the  j)urpose  of 
redescribing  and  showing  a  basal  view,  as  we  have  a  specimen 
hollow  on  the  inside  and  showing  both  tiie  exterior  and  interior 
of  all  the  plates. 

Lyon  described  the  calyx  as  "discoid,  with  five  i)road,  sharp 
carina,  which  rise  perpendicularly  from  the  margin  of  tlie  basal 
pit,  and  extend  outward,  equally  elevated  to  tlie  center  of  the 
third  radials,  the  carina  rising  gradually  from  the  margins  of  the 
radials,  th^n  more  rapidly  to  the  center  of  tlie  pieces.  At  the 
center  of  the  third  radials  the  carina  sends  out  branches,  not  quite 
BO  bold  as  the  main  stem,  but  strong,  involving  all  the  pieces  of 
the  superradials  up  to  the  arm  bases.  Arm  baaes  prominent,  in 
groups  of  two  to  each  ray,  producing  a  lobed,  pentagonal  figure 
of  that  section  of  the  body.  The  dome  is  subconical;  twice  as 
high  as  the  body  below  the  arms;  surmounted  by  a  thick,  strong, 
subcentral  proboscis.  The  iuterradial  fields  unite  to  tiie  dome- 
covering  between  the  arms." 

The  characters  above  described,  to  which  special  attention  may 
be  directed,  are  the  low  calyx,  high  vault,  subcentral  proboscis 
and  carina.  Instead  of  ordinary  radial  ridges  occupying  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  radial  plates,  the  whole  plates  are  involved  in 
forming  a  high  central  ridge,  in  each  series,  which  Lyon  calls  the 
"carina."  And  they  "rise  perpendicularly  from  the  margin  of  tlie 
basal  point,"  which  is  a  striking  peculiarity,  much  more  notice- 
able in  a  specimen  than  it  is  in  his  illustration  or  in  ours,  though 
the  attention  of  the  artist  was  called  specially  to  it,  and  our  figure 
is  accurate  except  in  giving  a  full  idea  of  the  height  of  the  "carina" 


12 


at  the  "basal  pit."  Tlie  surface  of  the  plates  is  covered  with 
fine  ridges,  disposed  in  groups,  radiating  from  the  center  of  the 
plates. 

The  basal  plates  form  a  cone,  the  top  of  which  is  on  a  level 
with  the  top  of  the  calyx.  The  internal  position  which  they  occu- 
pied, probably  caused  them  to  become  anchylosed,  at  all  events, 
one  cannot  see  any  possible  flexibility  they  could  give  the  animal, 
in  that  situation,  if  they  were  not  anchylosed.  The  summit  of 
these  anchylosed  plates  is  perforated  with  a  large  pentalobate  or 
cinque-foil  columnar  canal.  There  is  a  rim,  formed  by  a  thicken- 
ing of  the  plates,  within  the  apical  pjirt  of  the  cone  to  which  the 
end  of  the  column  was  attached,  and  it  appears  that  the  column 
filled  the  interior  of  the  cone  and  the  plates  were  more  or  less  at- 
tached to  it. 

The  first  primary  radials  form  a  pentagonal  funnel  that  extends 
to  the  base  of  the  cone  formed  by  the  basal  plates.  The  length 
of  the  funnel,  without  including  the  height  of  the  carina,  is  equal 
to  the  greatest  width  of  the  radials.  In  other  words,  the  length 
of  the  first  radials  is  more  than  their  greatest  width,  but  the 
plates  are  abruptly  bent,  and  four-fifths  of  the  length  is  within 
the  funnel  shaped  -basal  cavity,  and  only  one-fifth  without,  which 
is  very  little  more  than  the  thickness  of  a  plate.  It  seems  quite 
impossible  to  show  the  true  depth  of  the  funnel,  by  pen  drawing, 
but  the  artist  has  indicated  it  as  well  as  he  could,  in  the  illustra- 
tion, which  is  a  character  not  attempted  to  be  shown,  in  Lyon's 
figure  of  the  base  of  the  calyx  of  this  species.  In  the  inside  of 
the  calyx,  neither  the  pentagonal  form  of  the  funnel  nor  the  ex- 
ternal carina  are  indicated,  but  a  round  cone  is  formed  by  the 
extension  into  the  interior  of  the  first  radials  and  basal  plates. 

Second  primary  radials  quadrangular  one-half  wider  than  long. 
Third  primary  radials  wider  than  the  second  and  wider  than  long, 
pentagonal,  and  support  on  each  upper  sloping  side  three  or  four 
secondary  radials,  the  last  of  which  supports  the  free  arms.  The 
radial  series  are  of  variable  length  within  the  calyx,  as  mentioned 
by  Lyon,  which  somewhat  destroys  the  symmetry  of  the  calyx. 
There  are  ten  arms. 

There  are  from  seven  to  nine  interradials  in  each  area.  The 
first  is  large,  subovoid  and  has  nine  sides,  it  supports  a  hexag- 
onal plate  as  large  as  a  primary  radial,  and  it  is  followed  by 
three  plates,  in  the  third  range,  except  in    one  area,    where   there 


13 


are  only  two.  There  are  two  plates  in  the  fourth  range,  except 
in  one  area,  where  there  are  four,  and  two  in  the  fifth  range,  to 
which  are  united  the  points  of  tlie  long  pieces  that  lie  between 
the  lobes  on  the  dome,  according  to  Lyon.  Some  specimens,  how- 
ever, we  think  show  more  than  two  plates,  in  the  last  range,  in 
some  of  the  areas. 

There  are  from  two  to  four  intersecoudary  plates  in  each  area 
wedged  between  the  arm  bases;  when  four,  they  are  in  pairs,  one 
above  the  other. 

"The  dome  is  covered  by  large  pieces;   each   field   between   the 
lobes  contains  a  pair  of  the  largest,    which    reach   from   the   arm- 
bases    toward  the    proboscis;    they    are  six   or   seven  sided;   long; 
broadest  at  the  upper  extremity;   pointed,    or   very   slightly   trun- 
cated at  the  lower  end;  joining  each  other  by  their  longest  sides, 
at  the  center  of  the   depression   between  the   lobes.    A   circle   of 
large  pieces  surround  the  dome;  all  of  these  rest  partly  upon  the 
ten  long  pieces.     The  pieces  composing  tliis  zone  are  of  different 
sizes;  they  also  differ  in  form;    all  six    sided;    two   of  the   largest 
pieces  of  the  circle  rest  directly  over  two  of  the  long  pieces;  three 
other  groups  of  the  long  pieces   unite   under   the   suture,   uniting 
two  of  the  pieces  forming  the  circle,    so  that  the   sutures,  uniting 
both  sets  of  pieces,  form  one  line  from  the  arm  bases  to  the  base 
of  the  second  circle  surrounding  the   dome   near   the   base   of  tlie 
proboscis.     Below  the  zone  described,  and  between  the    groups   of 
long  pieces,  are  groups  of  from    five    to    seven   pieces,   the    upper 
one   of   which   is   joined    to   the    circle    above  the   group  of   long 
pieces,  and  on  which  it  rests.     The  lowest  piece  of    these    groups 
is  lanceolate;  is  lodged  between    the    arm    bases,    and  unites   with 
the  interbrachials.     The  upper  and  largest  piece   of   these  several 
groups  is  of  the  same  size  and  form  as  the  pieces  comprising  the 
first  zone  around  the  top  of  the  dome.     Around  the  arm  bases  the 
pieces  are  numerous  and  quite  small.     The  pieces  comprising  the 
lower  zone,  and  the  large  ones  of  the  groups  above  the  arms,  are 
surmounted  by  a  group  of  from  three  to  five  rough,  pointed  spines, 
confluent  near  their  bases.     The  plates  of  the  second  zoLe  at  the 
base  of  the  proboscis  are  ornamented  with  hemispherical  tubercles, 
all  other  pieces  of  the  dome  are  gibbous  or  concave  and  not  orna- 

mented." 

In  this  species  there  are    from  four   to  six   pores  between   each 
of  the  arm  bases,  that  were  not  mentioned  by  Lyon,  or  shown  in 


u 

his  illustrations,  and  which  are  quite  conspicuous  in  our  speci- 
mens. These  pores  or  passages  are  elongated.  They  commence 
by  a  slight  horizontal  furrow  across  the  top  of  the  last  interradial 
plates  in  the  calyx  and  penetrate  the  adjoining  plates  of  the  vault 
horizontally,  which  makes  an  elongated  surface  opening.  This 
feature  is  present  and  even  more  noticeable  in  Dolaiocrinus  grandis 
and  may  be  understood  by  referring  to  the  illustration  of  that 
species.  We  know  all  these  openings  penetrate  the  test  because 
we  can  see  through  them. 

This    species    occurs  in  the    Upper  Helderburg    Group,  at    the 
Falls  of  the  Ohio,  and  in  Clark  county,  Indiana. 


DOLATOCRINUS  GRANDI8,   n.   sp. 

Plaic    II,   Fig.  1,  basal  view  of  the  calyx;    Fig.  2,  view  of   the 
vault  broken  in  the  central  part;  Fig.  3,  lateral  view. 

Calyx  very  large,  subhemispheroidal,  quite  concave  below,  the 
concavity  including  part  of  the  third  primary  plates,  and  most  de- 
pressed in  the  interradial  areas.  The  diameter  of  the  specimen 
illustrated  is  two  and  three- tenths  inches;  height  to  the  place 
where  the  vault  is  broken,  one  and  fifty-five  hundredths  inches; 
height  of  calyx,  nine-tenths  of  an  inch;  height  of  vault,  if  un- 
broken, and  calyx  about  equal.  The  vault  is  quite  convex,  a  little 
more  abrupt  on  one  side  than  the  other,  indicating  that  it  pos- 
sessed a  proboscis  on  the  abrupt  side,  and  it  is  very  slightly  de- 
pressed in  the  interradial  areas.  Surface  of  the  calyx  beautifully 
and  delicately  sculptured,  numerous  raised  lines  seem  to  cross  the 
sutures  from  one  plate  to  another,  but  none  of  them  arise  from 
nodes  or  tubercles.  The  sutures  are  not  beveled  and  in  some  parts 
they  are  very  indistinct.  The  sutures  on  the  vault  are  dis- 
tinct and  beveled  and  between  the  larger  plates  they  are  broadly 
and  deeply  grooved,  the  grooves  being  bounded  with  a  rim  of 
granules,  while  the  central  part  of  each  plate  is  concave  or  sculp- 
tured and  sometimes  granulous.  The  columnar  cavity  and  part  of 
the  first  primary  radials,  in  our  specimen,  are  covered  with  the 
limestone  matrix. 

First  primary  radials  very  little  wider  than  high,  upper  side 
transverse.  Second  primary  radials  quadrangular  and  about  one- 
fourth  wider  than  high.  Third  primary  radials  larger  than  the 
second,  pentagonal,   and  from   one-fourth  to   one-third  wider   than 


15 


high.  The  superior  sides  bend  upward  and  the  inferior  sides  curve 
into  the  basal  depression  so  that  the  calyx  can  be  made  to  rest 
on  a  smooth  surface  on  the  third  radials.  Each  one  supports  on 
each  upper  sloping  side  a  series  of  secondary  radials  the  last  ones 
of  which  support  the  free  arms. 

The  first  secondary  radials  are  fully  as  large  or  larger  than  the 
third  primary  radials,  rather  wider  than  high,  part  of  them  pen- 
tagonal and  the  others  hexagonal,  and  each  one  abuts  upon  the 
first  interradial  and  one  of  the  plates  in  the  second  range  of  in- 
terradials.  The  second  secondary  radials  are  as  large  as  the  first 
and  wider  than  high,  but  not  of  uniform  size.  The  third  secondary 
radials  seem  to  be  smaller  than  the  second,  but  the  sutures  are 
anchylosed,  or  so  obscure,  in  our  specimen,  that  the  outlines  can- 
not be  accurately  determined.  Above  these  the  arm  bases  be- 
come prominent.  There  are  only  ten  arms  in  this  species,  but 
they  are  very  large  and  composed  of  a  double  series  of  interlock- 
ing plates. 

The  interradial  areas  are  not  exactly  of  uniform  size  nor  is  it 
certain  that  they  are  filled  with  the  same  number  of  plates.  The 
first  interradials  are  the  larger  plates  in  the  calyx.  Each  one  has 
ten  sides,  is  much  elongated,  rests  its  lower  angle  between  the  two 
upper  sloping  sides  of  two  first  primary  radials,  and  separates  the 
first  secondary  radials  between  its  upper  lateral  sides,  and  sup- 
ports upon  the  two  superior  faces  two  rather  large  and  more  or 
less  elongated  plates  in  the  second  range.  In  some  areas  these 
plates  are  larger  than  in  other  areas.  In  three  of  the  areas,  where 
the  sutures  are  distinct,  there  are  two  plates,  in  the  third  range, 
about  half  the  size  of  those  in  the  second  range,  four  small  plates 
in  the  fourth  range,  six  still  smaller  plates  in  the  fifth  range,  and 
eight  small  plates  in  the  sixth  range,  that  form  the  top  of  the 
calyx  between  the  arm  bases  and  unite  with  the  plates  of  the 
vault,  in  a  zig  zag  line.  Whether  or  not  the  plates  in  the  other 
two  areas   are  the  same  cannot  be  determined  from  our  specimen. 

The  intersecondary  areas  are  short,  but  almost  like  the  inter- 
radial areas,  in  the  upper  part,  and  the  plates  consist  of  four 
ranges.  The  first  one,  consisting  of  two  plates,  rests  between  the 
upper  slightly  sloping  sides  of  the  second  secondary  radials  and 
in  line  with  the  third  range  of  interradials;  it  is  followed  by  four 
plates  in  the  second  range,  six  in  the  third  range  and  eight  in  the 
fourth  range,  that  unite  with  the  plates  of  the  vault,  in  a  zig  zag 


16 

line.  The  sutures  are  so  obscure  between  the  small  plates,  in 
some  of  the  areas,  that  it  cannot  be  determined  whether  or  not  all 
the  areas  are  exactly  alike.  The  arms  are  separated  about  equally 
distant  from  each  other,  whether  by  the  interradials  or  inter- 
secondary  radials. 

There  seems  to  be  no  azygous  area  in  the  calyx. 

The  vault,  in  our  specimen,  as  may  be  seen  in  the  illustration, 
is  broken  away  at  the  summit.  It  is,  however,  highly  convex,  the 
convexity  probably  equalling  the  height  of  the  calyx,  and  covered 
with  ornamented  polygonal  plates  arranged  in  peculiar  and  system- 
atic order.  The  sutures  are  distinct,  even  between  the  smaller 
plates,  and  the  edges  of  the  plates  are  beveled,  and  between  the 
larger  plates  the  sutures  are  widely  grooved.  The  plates  are  de- 
pressed convex,  concave  in  the  center  and  more  or  less  sculptured 
and  granulous.  The  smaller  plates  are  over  the  arm  furrows  and 
regularly  interlock.  The  plates  toward  the  central  area  are  large 
and  polygonal.  The  plates  in  the  interradial  areas  are  elongated 
and  arranged  fan  like,  in  some  of  the  areas,  and  more  like  a  key- 
stone arch  in  others,  which  have  a  very  long,  wedge  shaped  plate 
in  the  middle.  There  are  eight  or  ten  plates  in  each  depressed 
interradial  area.  A  horizontal  furrow  crosses  the  top  of  each  of 
the  last  plates  of  the  calyx  and  penetrates  the  vault  at  the  suture 
between  the  plates  of  the  interradial  areas.  There  are,  therefore, 
eight  or  ten  horizontal  elongated  pores  or  passages  that  penetrate 
the  vault  between  each  of  the  arms.  They  are  shown  in  the 
illustration.  This  subject  will  be  further  considered  in  remarks 
at  the  close  of  the  descriptions  of  Dolafocrinus  in  this  article. 

Found  in  the  Hamilton  Group,  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  now  in 
the  collection  of  Wm.  F.  E.  Gurley. 

DOLATOCRINUS  OBNATUS    V(ir.   ASPERATUS,  n.    VUr. 


Plate  II,  Fig.  4,  basal   view,  Fig.  a,  vieio   of  the    vault;  Fig.  6, 

side  vieic. 

Calyx  low,  basin  shaped,  flattened  or  truncated  at  the  base  as 
far  as  the  extent  of  the  second  radials;  columnar  cavity  small; 
primary  radial  ridges  prominent;  surface  of  all  the  plates  closely 
and  radiately  sculptured  and  pitted. 

Basal  plates  hidden  by  the  column,  which  is  round  and  pierced 
with  a  cinque-foil  canal.     First  primary  radials   longer  than  wide 


17 

and  only  a  small  part  at  the  lower  end  is  curved  into  the  col- 
umnar cavity.  Strou{»  radial  ridges  rise  on  the  first  radials,  cross 
the  8ec',>nd  and  terminate  at  a  tubercle  on  the  third  radials,  from 
which  a  delicate  rid^e  crosses  each  secondary  radial.  The  radial 
ridges  are  most  prominent  in  the  central  part  of  the  plates.  The 
radiating  lines  from  the  commencement  of  the  radiating  ridges 
form  a  pentagonal  figure  arourd  the  small  columnar  cavity.  Sec- 
ond primary  radials  quadrangular  and  wider  than  long.  Third 
primary  radials  larger  than  the  second,  wider  than  high,  pentago- 
nal and  support  on  each  upper  sloping  side  two  secondary  radials. 

First  secondary  radials  aboiit  as  large  as  the  third  primary  radials 
and  hexagonal,  except  in  some  instances,  where  slightly  truncated 
by  a  small  plate  resting  between  the  upper  lateral  side  of  the  sec- 
ond interradial  and  the  base  of  the  arm,  they  become  heptagonal. 
Second  secondary  radials  much  smaller;  they  separate  the  arms 
and  extend  to  the  summit  of  the  calyx  and  slope  laterally.  There 
are-  ten  arms,  composed,  at  their  origin,  of  a  double  series  of 
plates.     No  intersecondary  radials. 

The  first  interradials  are  the  larger  plates  of  the  body  and  have 
nine  sides.  The  second  interradials  are  less  than  half  as  large  as 
the  first  and  hexagonal;  the  three  superior  sides  are  the  shorter 
ones;  the  upper  truncated  side  extends  to  the  summit  of  the  calyx 
and  a  small  vault  plate  abuts  laterally  against  it.  A  small  plate 
rests  between  each  superior  lateral  side  and  the  second  secondary 
radial  and  forms  part  of  the  support  of  the  free  arm.  There  is  no 
azygous  area. 

The  vault  is  only  slightly  convex  and  very  much  depressed  in 
the  interradial  areas,  especially  between  the  arm  bases.  It  bears 
a  small  subcentral  proboscis  that  is  not  preserved  in  our  speci- 
mens. It  is  covered  with  rather  large,  polygonal,  tuberculated 
plates,  two  of  which,  in  each  depressed  interradial  space,  are  elon- 
gated, and  the  larger  plates  of  the  vault.  There  are  no  pores  or 
passages  that  penetrate  the  vault  between  the   arms. 

Found  in  the  Hamilton  Group,  near  Charleston,  Indiana,  and 
now  in  the  collection  of  Wm.  F.  F.  Gurley. 


— 3G. 


18 


D0LAT0CRINU8  0RNATU8,   Meek. 

Plate  II,  Fi(j.  7,  basal   view;   FUj.    8,    summit  view;  Fiij.  9,  side 
view  o^  the  same  specimen  from  Columbus,  Ohio. 

The  followiug  is  the  definition  of  this  species,  by  Meek,  from 
tlie  Proceedings  of  tlie  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadel- 
phia, 1871,  p.  57.     It  has  never,  before,  been  illustrated. 

"Body  including  the  vault,  depressed  subglobose,  the  portion 
below  the  arm  bases  being  a  little  higher  than  the  vault,  with 
nearly  vertical  sides  above,  but  rounding  under  below  to  the  some- 
what flattened  under  side;  arm  bases  protuberant,  mainly  in  con- 
sequence of  the  rather  deep  furrows  or  sinuses  of  the  vault  over 
the  interradial  areas;  vault  composed  of  irregular  pieces,  each  of 
which  projects  in  the  form  of  a  little  sharply  prominent  node  or 
short  spine,  the  largest  of  which  are  situated  around  the  nearly 
central  ventral  tube,  and  on  the  elevations  between  it  and  the  arm 
bases.  Base  small,  a  little  compressed  within  the  shallow  concav- 
ity of  the  under  side,  and  marked  by  a  distinctly  indented  column- 
facet,  which  occupies  near  three-fourths  of  its  entire  breadth,  so 
that  only  a  narrow  ring,  as  it  were,  of  the  basal  pieces  can  be 
seen  when  the  column  is  attached.  First  radial  pieces  compara- 
tively large,  extending  out  nearly  horizontally,  or  only  a  little 
arching  upward,  and  with  their  inner  ends  curving  slightly  into 
the  shallow  central  concavity;  all  wider  than  long,  and  hexagonal, 
with  the  upper  (outer)  side  of  each  longer  than  any  of  the  others. 
Second  radial  pieces  about  half  as  large  as  the  first,  wider  than 
long,  and  quadrangular  in  outline,  (In  one  ray  of  the  typical 
specimen  the  second  radial  is  abnormally  wanting,  while  the  third 
is  larger  than  usual. )  Third  radials  about  as  large  as  the  second' 
from  the  curved-up  edges  of  which  they  rise  vertically  wider  than 
long,  and  pentagonal  in  form;  bearing  on  each  of  their  superior 
sloping  sides  a  smaller  secondary  radial,  each  of  which  supports 
another  smaller,  more  or  less  cuneiform  piece,  from  which  the 
arms  arise;  thus  making  two  arms  from  each  ray,  unless  the  num- 
ber is  increased  by  bifurcations  after  they  become  free;  arms 
unknown,  but  apparently  composed,  at  their  origin,  of  a  double 
series  of  alternating  pieces. 

"First  interradial  pieces,  somewhat  larger  than  the  first  radials, 
about  as  wide  above  the  middle  as  their  length,  eight  or  nine 
sided,  with  the  lower  part  of   each  curving  under  to  connect  with 


19 


the  first  radials,  while  they  curve  upward  vertically  from  near  or 
below  the  middle;  each  supporting  on  the  upper  side  a  much  smaller 
hexagonal  piece,  which  rises  vertically,  aud  usually  bears  on  its 
short  superior  lateral  edges  two  smaller  pieces  connecting  with 
the  secondary  radials  or  first  arm-pieces,  while  its  short  truncated 
upper  side  is  not  surmounted  by  any  succeeding  piece,  but  con- 
nects on  its  inner  surface  with  the  vault. 

"Sutures    between    all    the    plates    channeled.     Surface    of   body 
plates  ornamented  with  raised  lines  or  very  small  radiating  cost.i", 
that  cross  the  sutures  parallel  to  each  other    at   the    sides   of   the 
plates,    but    soon    become    bent    about    and    connected,    in   various 
ways,  so  that  very  few  of  them  extend  directly    to   the   middle   of 
any    of    the   plates,    the    arrangement    being  such  as  to  produce  a 
kind  of  vermicular  style  of  ornamentation,  especially  over  all   the 
central  part  of  the  plates,  like  that  often  seen  on   the  body  plates 
in  Amphorcwrinus.     A  small  rather  sharp   ridge   also   extends   up 
the  middle  of  each  radial  series  of  plates,  more  or  less  interrupted 
at  the  autures,  and  showing  a  slight  tendency  to   form    a   pinched 
node  on  the  middle  of    the   first   and    second   radials;    while   it   is 
sometimes  seen  to  bifurcate  on  the  third  radial,    to  send  branches 
to   the    secondary    radials,    but   these    are   geuerallj;    so   small    as 
scarcely  to  be  distinguished  from  the  other  little  ridges  ornament- 
ing all  of  the  body  pieces. 

"Ventral  tube  unknown,  but  judging  from  the  spiniferous  char- 
acter of  the  vault-pieces  around  its  base,  probably  also  spiniferous. 
"Height  of  body    to    arm-bases,   0.47   inch.   do.    to   top  of   vault, 
0.60  inch;  breadth,  0.95  inch." 

The  specimen  illustrated  is  from  the  typical  locality,  in  the 
Upper  Helderburg  Group,  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  is  from  the  col- 
lection of  Charles  Faber.  It  will  be  observed  that  it  is  about  the  size 
of  the  type  described  by  Meek,  and  agrees  with  it  iu  all  particulars. 
The  variety  asperatus,  above  described,  has  a  proportionally  longer 
calyx,  which  produces  some  difference  in  the  relative  sizes  of  the 
plates,  but  this  alone  would  not  be  of  varietal  importance;  taken, 
however,  in  connection  with  the  different  surface  ornamentation 
and  the  great  difference  in  the  ridges  that  cross  the  radial  plates, 
varietal  characters  may  exist.  The  plates  on  the  superior  lateral 
sides  of  the  second  interradials  are  proportionally  smaller  in 
D.  ornatus  than  iu  D,  ornatus  var.  asperatus  and  other  minor 
differences  might  be  pointed  out,  bat  they  do  not  seem   to   us  to 


20 

conetitute  specific  differences,  though  the  two  forms  on  cursory 
examination  are  readily  separated.  If  the  arms  were  preserved 
possibly  the  two  forms  could  be  specifically  distinguished. 


D0LAT0CRINU8   8TELLIFEU   n.   sp. 

Plate  II,  Fig.  10,  basal  view,  Fig.  11,  view  of  ihe  vault,  only  part 
of  the  sutures  can  be  distinguished   and   the   ornamenta- 
tion is   not  preserved;  Fig.  12,  internal   view  of 
ihe  calyx  showing  the  basal   plates   and 
part  of  the  first  primary  radials. 

Calyx  low,  basin  shaped,  three  time  as  wide  as  high,  deeply 
and  broadly  concave  below,  the  concavity  extending  to  the  middle 
of  the  first  interradials;  columnar  cavity  deep;  radial  ridges  quite 
small.  Surface  of  all  the  plates  deeply,  closely  and  radiately 
sculptured. 

Basal  plates  extending  in  a  cylindrical  form  up  as  high  as  the 
top  of  the  calyx  and  completely  hidden  externally  by  the  column, 
which  fills  the  cylindrical  area.  The  column  is  round  and  pierced 
with  a  cinque-foil  canal.  First  primary  radials  longer  than  wide 
and  together  forming  a  funnel-shaped  columnar  cavity,  ornamented 
near  the  top  with  two  raised  lines,  forming  a  pentagon,  with  a 
furrow  between  them.  Second  primary  radials  a  little  wider  than 
high,  quadrangular,  gradually  expanding  upward,  and  each  orna- 
mented with  a  small,  sharp  radial  ridge  that  rises  at  an  angle 
of  the  pentagonal  ornamentation,  on  the  first  radial,  and,  crossing 
the  second  and  third  radial  bifurcates  at  the  superior  angle  of  the 
third  radial,  from  which  point  a  broken  ridge  crosses  each  second- 
ary radial  series  to  the  free  arms.  On  each  side  of  tlie  radial 
ridges  the  plates  are  closely,  deeply  and  radiately  sculptured.  Third 
primary  radials  shorter  than  the  second,  pentagonal,  expanding  up- 
ward to  the  lateral  angles  and  supporting  on  each  upper  sloping 
side  a  secondary  radial  series. 

There  are  four  secondary  radials  in  each  of  nine  series,  and  they 
become  smaller  toward  the  arms,  which  commence,  at  the  arm 
openings,  with  a  double  series  of  interlocking  plates.  They  are 
radiately  sculptured  from  a  more  or  less  well  defined  central  node. 
One  secondary  radial  series  in  our  specimen  consists  of  a  single  pen- 
tagonal plate  which  bears  upon  each  of  the  upper  sloping  sides  a 
tertiary  radial  series  having  three  plates  before  reaching  the  double 


21 


Beries  of  interlocking  plates,  at  the  haBe  of  the  arms.  There  are, 
therefore,  eleven  arras  composed  at  their  bases  of  a  double  series 
of  interlocking  plates. 

The  first  interradials  are  the  larger  plates  of  the  body  and  have 
nine  sides.  They  are  deeply  stellate  in  their  ornamentation.  The 
second  interradials  are  more  than  twice  as  wide  as  high  and  ap- 
parently heptagonal  as  the  two  Huperior  sloping  sides  of  each  ap- 
pear M  bear  four  small  plates  that  separate  the  second  and  third 
secondary  radials.  These  plates  are  followed  by  two  plates  that 
separate  the  fourth  secondary  radials,  aud  upon  the  superior  lateral 
sides  of  these  plates  there  is  a  single  small  plate,  on  the  side  of 
the  arm  base,  that  appears  to  properly  belong  to  the  calyx.  There 
are,  therefore,  ten  regular  interradials  if  the  last  two  small  plates 
above  mentioned  are  to  be  regarded  as  interradials.  The  sutures 
between  the  intersecondary  radials  cannot  be  distinguished  in  our 
•specimen,  but,  from  the  ornamentation,  it  is  inferred  there  is  one 
small  plate  in  the  first  series  and  two  in  the  second.  No  azygous 
area  has  been  determined. 

The  vault  is  moderately  and  evenly  convex,  with  very  slightly 
concave  interradial  spaces  and  a  small,  long  subcentral  proboscis. 
It  is  covered  with  rather  large  polygonal  plates,  the  ornamentation 
of  which  is  destroyed  in  our  specimens.  The  plates  in  the  inter- 
radial areas  are  elongated  and  arranged  in  fan-like  order.  A  hor- 
izontal furrow  crosses  the  top  of  eacli  of  the  last  plates  in  the 
calyx,  except  the  minute  ones  abutting  the  arm  bases,  and  pene- 
trates the  vault  at  the  suture  between  tlie  plates  of  the  interradial 
and  intersecondary  radial  areas.  Our  specimens  disclose  four 
of  these  horizontal  elongated  passages  in  each  interradial  area  and 
two  in  each  secondary  interradial  area. 

A  glance  at  the  vault  of  this  species  will  at  once  distinguish  it 
from  D.  ornains,  D.  ornatns  car.  nsperatus  and  all  other  de- 
scribed species.  Beside  it  is  remarkable  for  the  comparatively  low 
calyx,  broad  and  deep  basal  concavity  and  dense  stellate  sculptur- 
ing of  the  surface. 

Found  in  the  Hamilton  Group,  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  at  Char- 
leston, Indiana,  and  now  in  the  collection  of  Wm.  F.  E.  Gurley. 


22 


DOLATOCRINDS    BULBACEUS    n.   sp. 

PUtte  II,  Fill.   /'^ '"'•"<"/  vinr;  Fiij.   II,  suwmil  rieir;  Fiji.  15,  aide 

riciv. 

Calyx  nml  vault  to^'ctlior  bulbous.  Calyx  poutnKonal  from  base 
to  the  arniH,  Honiewhat  bowl-Hliiiped,  most  nxpanded  in  the  middle 
part,  slij^htly  couHtricted  below  the  arms;  columnar  cavity  deep. 
Surface  marked  by  strong  radial  ridges,  and  a  prominent  node  in 
the  central  part  ol  each  first  interradial  from  which  radiating  ridges 
extend  to  the  adjoiuiiig  plates. 

Basal  plates  almost  liiddeu  by  the  column  though  extending  a 
little  beyond  it.  First  primary  radials  about  as  long  as  wide  and 
abruptly  bent  in  the  middle,  the  lower  part  forming  part  of  the 
funnel-shaped  columnar  cavity  andthe  upper  end  curving  as  abruptly 
upward.  In  the  center  of  each  there  is  a  promineut  node,  from 
which  the  radial  ridges  arise,  and  which  are  connected  by  straight 
ridges,  from  one  to  the  other,  that  form  the  pentagonal  outline  of 
the  base,  and  on  which  the  calyx  will  rest,  if  placed  on  a  level 
surface.  Second  radials  quadrangular,  very  little  wider  than  high 
and  sides  nearly  or  (juitt^  parallel.  Third  primary  radials  about 
twice  as  wide  as  liigh,  expanding  from  below  to  the  lateral  anglesi 
pentagonal  and  supporting  upon  each  of  the  superior  sides  two 
short,  secondary  radials. 

The  first  secondary  radial  i.s  much  larger  and  wider  than  the 
second  and  abuts  one  side  against  a  truncated  corner  of  a  first  in- 
terradial and  another  against  the  secondary  interradial.  The  sec- 
ond secondary  radials  abut  against  each  other,  are  rounded  extern- 
ally and  assume  the  form  of  the  arms.  The  arms  in  each  radial 
series  are  thus  arranged  close  together,  and  the  arm  openings  are 
directed  upward.  There  are  only  ten  arms,  and  they  consist,  as 
we  infer  from  the  commencement,  of  a  single  series  of  plates. 

The  first  interradials  are  the  larger  plates  of  the  body  and  have 
nine  sides.  They  are  convex  centrally  and  have  a  prominent  cen- 
tral node  from  which  riuges  radiate  to  adjoining  plates.  The  sec- 
ond interradials  are  about  half  as  large  as  the  first,  bear  a  central 
tubercle,  are  heptagonal,  abut  laterally  upon  the  first  secondary 
radials,  and  a  small  plate  that  separates  the  first  and  secondary 
radials  from  the  plates  of  the  vn  It  and  forms  part  of  the  base  of 
the  arms,  and  the  two  superior  sides  abut  two  interradial  plates 
belonging  to  the  vault. 


88 

The  vault  ie  (iiiite  convex,  deprcHsed  in  tlio  intorratlial  areas  and 
boars  a  Hubcuiitral  proboHciH.  It  is  covered  with  only  a  few  large, 
polygonal  plates,  the  surface  ornanniitation  of  which  iH  not  pre- 
served in  either  of  four  HpecimeM)*  examined,  There  are  no  pores 
or  passages  that  penetrate  the  vault  between  the  arms  and  there 
does  not  seem  to  be  any  azyg(   is  side. 

The  general  form  of  this  species  will  readily  distinguish  it  from 
all  others  that  have  been  described,  but  it  will  be  noticed  that  the 
number  and  arrangement  of  the  plates  of  tim  calyx  is  the  same 
as  iu  D.  ornaius  even  to  the  abutting  of  the  second  interradiala 
upon  the  two  vault  plates,  without  pores  or  passages  between  the 
arms,  though  otherwise  the  vaults  are  quite  different. 

Found  in  the  Hamilton  Group,  at  Charleston,  Indiana,  and  now 
in  the  collection  of  \Vm.  F.  E.  Gurley. 


D0LAT0CRINU8   VENU8TU8,   n.   sp. 

Plate  II,  Fig.  Id,  basal  view;  Fig.  17,  side  view;  Fig.  18,  sutH' 

mil  view. 

Calyx  hemispherical,  surface  ornamented  with  radiating  ridges 
and  nodes;  radial  ridges  sharp,  prominent  and  interrupted  at  the 
sutures.     Column  large. 

Basal  plates  almost  covered  by  the  column.  First  primary  radials 
wider  than  long  and  not  extending  into  the  columnar  cavity. 
Second  primary  radials  a  little  wider  than  high,  quadrangular, 
sides  nearly  parallel.  Third  primary  radials  a  little  shorter  than 
the  second,  pentagonal,  expanding  to  the  lateral  angles  and  except 
two,  supporting  upon  each  of  the  upper  sloping  sides  a  single  sec- 
ondary radial;  two  of  them  bear  four  secondary  radials  each. 

Eight  of  the  secondary  radials  bear  upon  each  upper  sloping 
side  three  tertiary  ratlials;  they  grow  gradually  smaller,  and  the 
last  ones  are  followed  by  cuneiform  plates  that  belong  to  the  arms. 
There  are,  therefore,  eighteen  arms  in  this  species,  four  in  each 
of  three  radial  series  and  three  in  each  of  the  other  two  series. 
The  arms  are  composed  of  a  single  series  of  cuneiform  plates. 

The  first  interradials  are  the  larger  plates  of  the  body  and  have 
nine  sides.  The  second  interradials  are  less  than  half  as  large  as 
the  first  and  they  are  each  followed  by  three  plates,  a   small  one 


24 

on  each  side  at  the  base  of  the  arms  and  a  large  one  that  unites 
with  two  plates  in  the  interradial  depression  on  the  vault.  There 
seem  to  be  no  intersecondary  radials.       There  is  no  azygous  area. 

The  vault  is  only  slightly  convex  and  moderately  depressed  in 
the  interradial  areas.  It  bears  a  long  subcental  proboscis.  It  is 
covered  with  large  polygonal  plates  that  are  densely  covered  with 
tubercles  and  short  spines.  The  tubercles  are  not  shown  in  the 
illustrations  because  there  are  from  twenty  to  fifty  on  each  plate. 
The  two  interradial  plates  in  each  area  that  abut  upon  the  last 
interradial  in  the  calyx  are  elongated,  and  the  larger  plates  of  the 
vault.  There  are  no  pores  or  passages  that  penetrate  the  vault 
between  the  arms. 

The  hemispherical  form  and  peculiar  surface  ornamentation  dis- 
tinguish this  species.  Beside,  the  number  of  arms  is  different 
from  all  related  species.  The  number  of  plates  and  general  order 
of  their  arrangement  in  the  calyx,  however,  are  like  those  in  D. 
ornnius  and  D.  hulbaceus,  notwithstanding  the  wide  variation  in 
the  forms  of  the  three  species. 

Found  in  the  Hamilton  Group,  at  Charleston,  Indiana,  and  now 
in  the  collection  of  Wm.  F.  E.  Gurley. 


DOLATOCBINUS    AUUEATUS   n.    Sp. 

Plaie  III,  Fig.  1,  basal  niew;  Fig.   2,  side  vieiv;  Fig.  3,  summit 

view. 

Calyx  hemispherical.  Surface  ornamented  with  radiating  ridges, 
usually  broken,  and  nodes;  radial  ridges  sharp  and  more  or  less 
interrupted  at  the  sutures.  The  sculpturing  is  more  dense  than 
shown  in  the  illustrations.     Column  round. 

Basal  plates  display  a  pentagonal  rim  around  the  column,  where 
it  enters  the  concavity  formed  by  the  basal  plates.  First  primary 
radials  wider  than  long  and  abut  upon  the  basal  plates  without 
entering  the  columnar  cavity.  Second  primary  radials  about  twice 
as  wide  as  long,  quadrangular,  sides  nearly  parallel.  Third  pri- 
mary radials  about  half  as  long  as?  wide,  pentagonal,  expanding  to 
the  lateral  angles,  and  except  thre»^,  supporting  upon  each  of  the 
upper  sloping  sides  a  single  secondary  radial;  three  of  them  bear 
three  secondary  radials  each. 

Seven  of  the  secondary  radials  bear  upon  each  upper  sloping 
side  two  tertiary  radials,  the  last  one  of  which  is  followed  by  the 


25 

cuneiform  plates  that  belong  to  the  nrms.  There  are,  therefore, 
seventeen  arms  in  this  species,  four  in  each  of  two  radial  series 
and  three  in  each  of  the  other  three  series.  The  arms  app. :ar  to 
be  composed  of  a  single  series  of  cnnciform  plates. 

The  first  interradials  are  the  larntn-  i)lates  of  the  body  and  have 
nine  sides.  The  second  regular  intei  radials  are  about  half  as 
large  as  the  first  and  they  are  each  fttliowed  l)y  three  plates,  a 
small  one  ou  each  side  at  llie  basi-  (,f  the  arms  and  a  large  one 
that  unites  with  two  large  plates  in  the  interradial  depression  on 
the  vault.  There  are  no  iutersecoiidary  radials.  There  is,  how- 
ever, a  distinct  azygous  area  shown  in  our  specimen  on  the  side 
nearest  the  proboscis.  The  tii'st  and  .second  interradials  are  like 
those  in  the  other  areas,  but  the  second  plate  is  followed  by  four 
or  five  plates  (the  sutures  are  not  all  distinct),  tiiat  separate  the 
arms,  one-fourth  more  than  they  are  se[)arated  in  the  other  areas, 
and  these  unite  Avith  three  or  more  plates  of  the  vault,  instead  of 
with  two  as  in  the  other  areas. 

The  vault  is  moderately  convex  and  depressed  in  the  interradial 
areas.  It  bears  a  long  subcentral  proboscis  on  the  azygous  side. 
It  is  covered  with  large  polygonal  plates  that  an*  densely  covered 
with  tubercles.  Tiie  two  interradial  i)lates,  in  each  n\gular  area, 
that  abut  upon  the  last  interradial  in  the  calyx,  are  elongated  and 
the  larger  plates  of  the  vault.  There  are  no  pores  or  passages 
that  penetrate  the  vault  between  the  arms. 

This  species  most  resembles  />.  ronistiis,  from  which  it  is  dis- 
tinguished by  having  seventeen  instead  of  eighteen  arms,  and  by 
having  an  azygous  area.  The  surface  ornamentation,  too,  is  differ- 
ent, but  on  that  ground  alone  we  would  not  be  justified  in  found- 
ing a  new  species  in  this  genus,  for  we  are  satisfied  the  sculptur- 
ing is  not  uniform  on  specimens  belonging  to  the  same  species. 

Found  in  the  Hamilton  Group,  at  Charleston,  Indiana,  and  now 
in  the  collection  of  Wm.  F.  E.  Gurley. 


DOLATOCRINUS    APrROXIMATUS,    n.    sp. 

Plate  HI,  Fifi.  4,  basal  vicir;    Fi;/.  .',,  summit  virir:  Fif/.  6,  side 

view,  showinii  the  tlircc  aniwd  vadial  series. 

Calyx  bowl-shaped;  truncated   below;   slightly  constricted    below 

the  arm  bases;    pentagonal,  funnel    shaped   columnar  pit,  bounded 

externally  liy  n  raised   ridge    running  from    a  central    tubercle  on 

—4  G. 


26 


each  first  radifil  to  a  central  tubercle  on  the  adjacent  first  radials; 
column  round,  perforation  small,  cinque-foil.  Surface  ornamented 
by  rather  strong  radial  ridges  comnieuciug  at  the  central  node  on 
the  first  primary  radials  and  extending  to  the  arms,  and  by  radi- 
ating ridges  from  a  central  node  on  each  plate. 

Basal  plates  sunken  and  so  nearly  covered  by  the  column  as  not 
to  be  visible  externally.  First  primary  radials  about  as  long  as 
wide,  one-half  the  length  being  in  the  columnar  cavity.  Second 
radials,  quadrangular,  wider  than  long,  fiatteued  and  bearing  a 
prominent  central  node.  Third  radials,  pentagonal,  expanding  to 
the  lateral  angles,  wider  than  high,  four  of  them  bearing  upon 
each  upper  sloping  side  four  seconlary  radials  and  the  other  one 
bearing  upon  one  upper  sloping  side  four  secondary  radials  and 
upon  the  other  a  single  secondary  radial  which  bears  upon  each 
of  the  upper  sloping  sides  three  tertiary  radials.  Four  of  the 
I'adial  series  thus  bear  two  arras  each  and  the  other  bears  three 
arms,  making  eleven  arms  in  this  species.  From  the  arm  bases  it 
might  be  inferred  that  the  arms  are  composed  of  a  double  series 
of  interlocking  plates,  as  there  are  two  plates  at  the  base  instead 
of  one,  but  two  furrows  are  not  seen  to  enter  the  vault. 

First  interradials  the  larger  plates  of  the  calyx  and  have  nine 
sides.  Second  interradials  less  than  half  as  large  as  the  first, 
hexagonal,  and  support  three  small  plates  in  the  third  range, 
which  are  followed  by  three  smaller  plates  that  separate  the  arm 
bases  and  unite  with  the  plates  of  the  vault.  Intersecondary  radi- 
als two,  separating  the  arm  bases  and  uniting  with  the  plates  of 
the  vault.     No  azygous  side. 

Vault  moderately  convex,  with  a  subcentral  proboscis  and  com- 
posed of  convex  polygonal  plates.  Tliose  in  the  interradial  areas 
are  elongated  and  disposed  in  a  fan-like  arrangement.  Four  pries 
or  passages  enter  the  vault  in  each  interradial  area,  and  two  in 
each  intersecondary  area;  they  are  continued  by  a  shallow  furrow 
across  the  top  of  the  last  range  of  interradials. 

This  species  is  more  nearly  related  to  D.  lacns  than  to  any  other 
that  has  been  described.  It  is  distinguished,  however,  by  having 
eleven  arms  instead  of  ten,  which,  alone,  we  regard  as  of  specific 
importance.  It  is  further  distinguished  by  having  one  more  sec- 
ondary radial  and  one  more  interradial  in  the  third  range,  which 
we  think  is  of  specific  importance,  especially  as  our  specimen  is 
much  smaller  than  any  specimen  of  D.  laeus  we  have  seen.      The 


27 

difference  in  size  and  in  surface  ornamentation  we  do  not  ^regard 
as  of  importance,  especially  where,  as  in  this  case,  the  two  species 
have  the  same  general  form  and  without  careful  examination 
might  be  taken  one  for  the  other.  A  basal  view  of  the  two  species 
is  alike. 

Found  in  the  Hamilton   Group,  at    Louisville,  Ky.,  and  now  in 
the  collection  of  \Vm.  F.  E.  Gurley 


DOLATOCRINUS   LINE0LATU8,   n.    sp. 

Plaie  III,  Fig.  7,  hasal  riciv;  Fig.   8,  side  view.  Fig.  9,  siinnnit 

view,  ihe  small  plafcs  near  the  arm  openings 

are  not  disiinguished. 

Calyx  hemispherical,  very  slightly  constricted  below  the  arm 
bases,  which  protrude  nearly  horizontally.  Surface  ornamented 
with  fine  radiating  lines,  in  fascicles  of  three,  that  run  from  a 
sharp  prominent  nod'\  in  the  center  of  each  principal  plate,  to 
the  central  node  in  each  adjacent  plate.  Radial  ridges  small, 
sharp,  continuous  over  the  sutures  and  bearing  a  sharp  node  at 
the  center  of  each  plate.     Column  round,  rather  small. 

Basal  plates  almost  covered  by  the  column.  First  primary  radi- 
als  a  little  wider  than  long  and  not  extending  into  the  columnar 
cavity.  Second  primary  radials  about  twice  as  wide  as  long,  ([uad- 
rangular,  sides  nearly  parallel.  Third  primary  radials  longer  and 
wider  than  the  second;  about  twice  as  wide  as  long;  expanding  to 
the  lateral  angles,  pentagonal  and  bearing  upon  the  upper  sloping 
sides  the  secondary  radials.  One  of  them  bears  upon  each  upper 
sloping  side  three  secondary  radials  and  eacli  of  the  other  four 
bear  upon  one  upper  sloping  side  three  secondary  radials  and 
upon  the  other  one  a  single  pentagonal  secondary  radial  that  bears 
upon  each  upper  sloping  side  two  tertiary  radials.  There  are, 
therefore,  three  arms  to  each  of  four  radial  series  and  two  arras 
to  the  other  one,  making  fourteen  arms  in  all.  The  arm  bases 
project  lu'arly  horizontally.  The  arms  are  composed  of  a  single 
series  of  cuneiform  plates. 

The  first  interiadials  are  the  larger  plates  of  the  body  and  have 
nine  sides.  The  second  interradials  are  more  than  half  as  large 
as  the  first  and  reach  to  the  summit  of  the  calyx.  This  plate  in 
the  second  range  is  followed  by  three  plates,  the  central  one  is 
Ihe  largi'i-  and  unites  with  two  plates  on  the  vault  and  the  lateral 


28 

ones  form  part  ol;    the   arm    bases.     There    are    no   iutersecondary 
radials.     There  is  no  azygons  area. 

The  vault  is  quite  convex  anil  much  depressed  in  the  interradial 
areas,  which  is  made  more  conspicuous  by  the  prominence  of  the 
ambulacra!  areas,  at  the  base  of  the  arms.  There  is  a  long  sub- 
central  proboscis.  The  vault  is  covered  with  large  polygonal 
plates;  the  smaller  plates  over  the  arm  furrows  near  the  openings 
in  the  vault  are  not  shown  in  the  illustrations,  because  the  sutures 
are  not  distinct  in  our  specimens.  It  is  rare  that  they  are  cor- 
rectly  exhibited  in  illustrations  of  other  species,  for  the  same 
reason.  The  plates  are  covered  with  tubercles,  those  near  the 
base  of  the  proboscis  being  somewhat  spinous.  The  two  inter- 
radial plates,  in  each  area,  that  abut  upon  the  three  plates  in  the 
third  range  of  interradials  belonging  to  the  calyx,  are  elongated 
and  the  larger  plates  of  the  vault.  There  are  no  pores  or  passages 
that  penetrate  the  vault  between  the  arms. 

This  species  is  distinguished  by  its  general  form,  surface  ornamen- 
tation and  by  having  fourteen  arms.  It  is  probably  as  nearly  related 
to  D,  vcnnsius  as  to  any  other  species. 

Found  in  the  Hamilton  Group,  at  Charleston,  Indiana,  and  now 
in  the  collection  of  Wm.  F.  E.  Gurley. 


DOLATOORINUS   GREENEI,    n.    sp. 

Plate    III,    Fifi.    10,   basal   ririv:   Fi(j.    11,  side   >iew:    Fig.    12, 

snnntiif  riev>\ 

Calyx  hemispherical,  very  slightly  constricted  below  the  arm 
bases.  Surface  sculptured  in  a  variety  of  ways;  there  are  promi- 
nent nodes  in  the  central  part  of  the  larger  plates  from  which 
there  are  radiating  ridges  and  there  are  shorter  radiating  ridges 
that  do  not  arise  from  the  central  nodes,  beside  scattering  tuber- 
cles. The  radiating  ridges  are  inan-rupted  at  the  sutures  and 
ventricose  in  the  middle  part  of  the  plates  with  a  node  at  the 
center  of  each.     Column  round,  mediuna  si/e. 

Basal  plates  expose  a  pentagonal  rim  around  the  column.  First 
primary  radials  wider  than  long  and  of  unequal  size,  two  of  them, 
on  the  azygous  side,  being  much  larger  tlian  the  others,  as  shown 
in  the  up})er  part  of  Figure  10.  Second  primary  radials  only 
slightly  wider  than  long,  quadrangular,  sides  nearly  parallel.     Third 


29 


primary  radials,  about  tlie  smue  length  as  the  second,  expand  to 
the  lateral  angles,  and  bear  upon  each  upper  sloping  side,  except 
one,  a  single  secondary  radial.  Upon  one  side  of  the  radial  series 
opposite  the  azygous  side  there  are  three  secondary  radials,  the 
last  one  of  which  bears  a  cuneiform  arm  plate.  The  first  second- 
ary radials  are  large  and  boar  upon  each  upper  sloping  side  two 
tertiary  radials.  There  are,  therefore,  four  arms  to  each  of  four 
radial  series  and  three  arn^s  in  the  radial  series  opposite  the  azy- 
gous area,  making  nineteen  arms  in  this  species.  The  arm  bases 
are  not  large  and  the  arms  appear  to  be  composed  of  a  single 
series  of  cuneiform  plates. 

The  first  interradials  are  the  larger  plates  of  the  body  and  have 
nine  side.s,  in  tliree  of  the  areas;  but,  in  the  other  two  areas,  there 
are  two  interradial  plates  in  tlie  first  range  and  together  they  are 
much  larger  than  the  single  first  interradials.  The  two  interradials 
in  the  first  range  in  the  two  areas  may  be  seen  to  abut  upon  the 
two  large  first  primary  radials  in  Figure  10,  one  plate  extending 
below  the  other  and  one  of  them  may  be  seen  on  the  left  of  Fig- 
ure  11.  We  cannot  say  tliat  the  two  large  first  primary  radials, 
followed  laterally  by  two  plates,  in  the  first  range  of  interradials, 
represent  an  abnormal  development.  We  have  only  one  specimen. 
The  two  first  primary  radials  are  substantially  alike  and  the  two 
peculiar  interradial  areas  are  substantially  alike.  If  they  are  ab- 
normal there  is  regularity  about  them,  and  they  are  each  separated 
by  a  four-armed  radial  series  from  the  three-armed  series.  There 
is  only  one  plate  in  the  second  range,  in  three  of  the  areas,  and 
two  in  the  other  two  areas.  In  the  third  range  there  are  three 
plates,  the  central  one  is  the  larger  and  unites  with  two  plates  on 
the  vault  and  the  lateral  ones  form  part  of  tlie  arm  bases.  There 
are  no  intersecondary  radials.  There  is  an  azygous  side  if  we 
would  embrace  within  it  two  radial  series  and  three  interradial 
areas,  but  there  cannot  l)e  said  to  be  a  single  azygous  area  as  that 
term  is  applied  in  the  description  of  crinoids. 

The  vault  is  only  slightly  convex  but  rather  strongly  depressed 
in  the  interradial  areas  between  the  arm  bases.  There  is  a  small 
subcentral  proboscis.  The  vault  is  covered  with  rather  large 
polygonal  plates,  the  two,  in  tlie  interradial  areas  that  abut  upon 
the  plates  in  the  third  range  of  the  interradials,  are  elongated  and 
the  larger  plates  of  the  vault.     All  tlie  plates  bear    tubercles   and 


30 


H  few  of  tlu'in  bear  a  central  spine  each  that  is   surrounded    with 

tubercles.     There    are    no    pores   or    passages    that   penetrate   the 

vault  between  tlie  arms. 

This  species  is  distinguished  by  its  wide  calyx,  low  vault,  pecu- 
liar form,  surfdce  ornamentation  and  number  of  arms. 

Found  in  the  Hamilton  Group,  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  by  G.  K. 
Greene,  in  whose  honor  the  specific  name  is  proposed,  and  now 
in  the  collection  of  S.  A.  Miller. 

Remarks. — We  have  described  and  illustrated  fourteen  species 
of  Dolafocrinus,  being  all  that  are  now  known  from  Ohio,  Indi- 
f\na  and  Kentucky.  Eleven  of  these  are  new  to  science,  one  of  the 
others  has  never  before  been  figured,  and  the  other  two  are  illus- 
trated and  redescribed  for  the  purpose  of  showing  characters  not 
heretofore  known.  We  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  no  one  has 
discovered  an  azygous  opening  in  any  of  the  species,  and  this  im- 
portant character  or  part  of  the  ordinary  structure  of  crinoids  may 
fairly  be  said  not  to  exist  in  this  genus.  D.  nia(jnijici(s  and  D. 
aurcaius  have  each  an  azygous  side  to  the  calyx  and  vault  and 
D.  greenei  has  two  azygous  areas  in  the  calyx,  while  none  of  the 
other  species  liave  an  azygous  side  or  azygous  area. 
.  D.  (jrandis,  D.  hicits,  D.  tiKirshi,  D.  stellifcr  and  D.  approxi- 
mutus  have  orifices  entering  the  body  through  the  vault,  between 
the  arms,  an  important  structure  having  no  existence  in  D.  magnif- 
icHS,  D.  onidfiis,  D.  ormiius  var.  aspcrafus,  D.  bulbaceus,  D. 
veniishis,  I>.  (iiircdliis,  D.  lineolniiis  or  D.  greenei,  and  whether 
or  not  the  character  belongs  to  D.  spinosns  is  not  determined. 
These  orifices,  though  conspicuous  in  the  species  to  which  they 
belong,  have  not,  so  far  as  we  are  advised,  been  heretofore  men- 
tioned, and  it  would  seem,  therefore,  appropriate  for  us  to  state 
more  fully  the  structure  and  appearance  and  the  possible  or  proba- 
ble physiological  functions  with  which  they  were  connected. 

We  regard  them  as  excurrent  orifices  for  the  reason  that  they 
cross  the  plates  of  the  calyx  at  the  summit  by  a  furrow  and  en- 
ter the  vault  horizontally,  which  is  inconsistent  with  any  other 
hypothesis.  What  flowed  through  the  orifices  flowed  through  the 
channels  across  the  thickness  of  the  plates  of  the  calyx,  for  we 
cannot  conceive  of  any  other  utility  or  purpose  of  the  furrows. 
Nothing  conld  have  flowed  through  the  furrows  and  entered  the 
orifices  for  tlu^  purpose  of  gaining  access  to  the  interior  of  the 
body,  for  there  was  no  means  of  propelling  anything  in  that  direc- 
tion.    Endosmosis  would  not  take  place  in  that  way. 


31 

They  may  have  been  used  as  comluits  for  ihe  waste  uiaterial 
that  entered  through  the  arabulacral  furrows,  or  for  the  discharge 
of  surplus  water,  but  whatever  their  purpose  they  must  have  been 
used  in  the  performance  of  some  impt)rtant  physiological  function. 
There  would  seem  to  be  no  doubt  of  that  fact.  Thi.s  conclusion 
leads  us  to  ask  why,  if  they  were  so  important  to  the  species  pos- 
sessing them,  did  the  greater  number  of  species  in  the  genus  ex- 
ist without  them?  The  question  is  miauswered  and  at  present  un- 
answerable, because  the  physiological  functions  performed,  at  the 
seat  of  life,  which  is  supposed  to  have  been  near  the  central  part 
and  on  a  level  with  the  top  of  the  calyx,  in  this  genus  of  palaeo- 
zoic crinoids,  are  not  known.  The  oritices  are  elongated  externally 
and  in  their  passage  through  the  vault,  because  they  are  directed 
horizontally  through  the  convex  vault,  and  the  elongation,  there- 
fore, depends  upon  the  couvexity  of  the  vault  in  the  different  spe- 
cies. 


CBINOID   BASES. 

Plate  III,  Fifi.  13,  superior  side  of  an  eroded  base:  Fiy.  14,  in- 
ferior side  of  same. 

Crinoid  bases  are  as  full  of  pores  as  sponges  and,  when  silici- 
tied,  they  may  be  cleaned  with  acid  and  made  to  expose  the  pores 
as  shown  in  the  illustrations.  Weathered  specimens,  when  not 
silicified,  expose  the  pores,  and  a  broken  fragment  will  expose 
them  also.  Unaltered  and  finely  preserved  specimens  do  not  expose 
the  pores  externally.  The  column  is  inserted  in  an  obconoidal 
cavity  in  the  base  and  the  pores  radiate  from  this  cavity  in  all  di- 
rections to  the  farthest  extremities  of  the  base.  They  are  rarely 
larger  than  an  ordinary  sewing  needle,  and  generally  less  in  size, 
but  so  numerous  that  the  interspaces  have  a  diameter  but  little 
more  than  the  diameter  of  the  pores.  The  radiating  pores  are 
more  or  less  sinuous   and  accommodated    to   the   irregularities  of 

the  base. 

These  pores,  as  we  suppose,  were  connected  with  the  columnar 
canal  and  through  them  the  material  passed  that  formed  the  base. 
The  histogenesis  of  the  base  may  be  compared  with  the  formation 
and  development  of  the  bones  of  an  animal.  The  mucous  or  fluid 
substance,  that  contained  the  material  for  the  base,  passed  through 
the  columnar  canal  into  the  pores  of    the  base  and  was  deposited 


82 


in  a  softer  state  than  it  afterward  as^mnod.  In  this  way  the  baso 
increased  in  size  with  the  gro.vtli  of  the  aniinal,  and  wa-}  made  to 
fill  the  inequalities  of  the  surface,  to  which  it  attached,  and  to 
extend  over  the  border  so  as  to  form  hooks  or  anchors  of  sup- 
port. The  nutrition  for  the  formation  of  the  organic  structure  of 
the  base  was  furnished  in  the  same  manner  that  it  was  supplied 
for  all  other  parts  of  the  skeleton  of  a  crinoid.  The  pores  of  the 
base  were  channels  for  nutrition  and  were  appropriated  exclusively 
to  the  construction  and  support  of  it. 

The  plates  of  a  crinoid  column  were  enlarged  with  the  growth 
of  the  animal,  as  bones  and  shells  are  increased  in  size;  but  new 
plates  seem  to  have  originated  exclusively  at  the  lower  end,  or 
within  the  obconoidal  cavity,  in  the  base,  at  the  end  of  the  col- 
umn; none  appear  to  have  been  intercalated  between  older  plates 
and  none  were  added  at  the  superior  end  of  the  column.  The 
columnar  canal  was,  therefore,  a  channel  for  nutrition,  and  noth- 
ing passed  into  it  except  the  digested  and  reparatory  juices'  for 
the  columnar  cords  or  tendons  and  the  skeletal  plates  and  base. 

The  base  illustrated  is  from  the  Hamilton  Group,  at  Louisville, 
Ky.,  but  it  does  not  differ  in  organic  texture  or  structure  from 
bases  found  in  other  groups  of  rocks. 


33 


IvMiiv    ICHTHYOCRINIDAE. 


LEOANOCItlNUS   OSWE(K)ENSIS   11.    ii[>. 

Plate  111,  Fiij.    /.",   ricw  on  Ihc  i-iijJil   of    llic  ni/j  0)i  ihc  (izjjfioiis 

side;  F'uj.    l(i,  (r./jf/oiis  sidi':   Fiij.    17,   ricir  of   the  ray  bt;- 

ficecn  the  (I'-iji/oiis  (lyi-a    ami    lite    area    sliuicn  in 

Fitj.  I'),  a)i(l  irliicli  hears  fori'  pri- 

iiiar/i  I'adials. 

Species  small,  subelliptical  in  Lceneml  oixtliiie.  Calyx  obconoidal, 
bulged  on  the  riglit  of  the  azN'gous  area,  truncated  for  a  small, 
round  column,  which  is  coiuiiosed  of  thin  plates,  exposing  the  ser- 
rated edges  for  the  union  of  the  ]>lati's,  and  having  a  very  small  col- 
umnar canal.  Plates  of  flic  calyx  slightly  convex  and  covered  with 
granules;  sutures   distinct. 

The  three  basals  form  a  low  pentagonal  cup,  about  twice  the 
diameter  of  the  column.  The  subradials  are  of  unequal  size,  the 
one  below  the  azygous  area  is  the  larger  and  has  seven  sides,  two 
of  the  others  are  hexagonal  and  two  pentagonal.  There  are  four 
primary  radials  in  the  series  on  the  right  of  the  azygous  area  and 
three  in  each  of  the  other  series.  The  first  primary  radials  are 
unequal  in  size,  the  one  on  tlu^  right  of  the  azygous  area  being 
the  smaller  and  having  only  live  sides,  the  others  are  hexagonal 
or  heptagonal,  depending  upon  whether  they  are  truncated  upon 
one  or  both  superior  lateral  angles  by  the  tirst  interradials.  The 
second  primary  radials  are  short  and  wide  and  of  very  uneiiual 
size,  the  one  on  the  right  of  the  azygous  area  is  the  larger  and  is 
hexagonal,  the  others  are  subquadrangular,  but  when  a  superior 
lateral  angle  is  truncated  by  a  second  interradial  they  become  pen- 
tagonal. Four  of  the  third  primary  radials  are  short,  wide,  pen- 
tagonal and  bear  upon  the  upper  sloping  sides  the  secon^lary  radi- 
als or  free  arms;  the  other  third  i)rimary  radial  is  shoi  t,  wide, 
subquadrangular  though  slightly  truncatetl  at  the  superior  lateral 
-5  O. 


34 


angle  on  the  azygous  side,  bo  as  to  make  it  pentagonal;  and  it  is 
then  followed  by  a  fourth  primary  radial  which  is  pentagonal  and 
axillary,  and  bears  upon  the  upper  sloping  side  the  secondary  radi- 
als  or  free  arms.  The  arms  preserved  in  our  specimen  have  three 
short,  secondary  radials,  in  each,  the  last  one  of  which  is  pentag- 
onal and  supports,  on  each  upper  sloping  side,  a  third  series  of 
plates. 

There  are  two  small  regular  interradials  in  each  area,  one  above 
the  other;  the  first  one  separates  the  second  and  third  primary 
radials,  in  each  series,  in  some  of  the  areas,  it  truncates  the  su- 
perior angles  of  the  first  primary  radials,  in  others  it  does  Dot  ex- 
tend so  low.  The  first  azygous  plate  is  rather  larger  than  the  first 
primary  radial  on  the  right  and  has  eight  sides;  it  truncates  a  sub- 
radial,  abuts  upon  three  primary  radials  on  the  right,  though  the 
third  one  truncates  the  angle  only  slightly,  two  on  the  left,  and 
is  followed  by  two  plates  on  the  superior  side,  the  one  on  the  left 
being  quite  small.  The  larger  plate  in  the  second  range  is  suc- 
ceeded by  a  small  plate  on  th(^  right,  which  is  all  that  is  preserved 
in  our  specimen,  but  the  facet  for  another  plate  in  the  middle  part 
is  well  preserved.  The  azygous  area,  therefore,  has  five  or  more 
plates. 

This  species  is  readily  distinguished  from  all  others  by  the  gen- 
eral form,  regular  interradial  plates,  azygous  interradials  and  series 
of  four  primary  radials  in  one  of  the  rays.  It  is  wholly  unneces- 
sary to  compare  it  with  any  of  them,  though  it  clearly  belongs  to 
this  genus. 

Found  in  the  Niagara  Group,  at  Oswego,  Illinois,  and  now  in 
the  collection  of  Wm.  F.  E.  Gurley. 


35 


Family    ACTINOCRINIDAE. 


MEOIHTOCRINUS    KXI'ANSUS    II.    SJ). 

Plate  III,  Fi(j.  18,  hasdl view  of  a  l(tr</c  specimen;  F'nj.  I!>,  sinii- 

mit  view  of  the  same ;  Fitj.  'Jo,  side  rieir  of  flic  ^(niie; 

Fig.    .'1,  Ixisnl  eieir  of  a  snidtl  sjieeinieti 

shoioiiuj  iheeommencemeni  of 

llie  h(>rizo)ital  arms. 

Calyx  vory  shallow;  broadly  basin-shapt'd;  from  three  to  five 
times  as  wide  as  high;  columnar  cavity,  evenly  concave,  commenc- 
ing from  about  the  middle  of  the  second  mdials,  the  superior  part 
of  which  curve  upward;  the  calyx  continues  to  expand  from  the 
second  radials  to  the  arms,  expanding  more  rapidly  as  the  arms 
are  approached.  The  arms  are  directed  horizontally.  The  column 
is  round  and  of  medium  size.  The  vault  is  one-half  higher  than 
the  calyx  and  has  twici;  the  cnpacity. 

The  basal  plates  have  an  hexagonal  outline,  about  one- half  wider 
than  the  diameter  of  the  column.  The  first  primary  radials  abut- 
ting on  a  single  basal  plate  are  hexagonal,  those  abutting  on  two 
basals  are  heptagonal.  The  second  primary  radials  are  a  little 
larger  than  the  first  and  hexagonal.  The  third  primary  radials 
are  about  the  size  of  the  first,  pentagonal,  and  suppoi't  upon  each 
upper  sloping  side  secondary  radials. 

The  external  surfaces  of  all  the  plates  covering  the  three  speci- 
mens at  hand,  one  of  them  being  intermediate  in  size  between  the 
two  illustrated,  are  more  or  less  eroded  or  disintegrated.  The 
best  preserved  plates  are  beveled  at  the  sutures,  and  it  is,  there- 
fore, believed  that  specimens  having  a  well  preserved  external  sur- 
face will  show  distinctly  the  outlines  of  all  the  plates.  In  our 
specimens  the  sutures  of  the  secondary  and  tertiary  radials  and 
those  of  the  vault  are  generally  obscure;  some  of  them  are,  how- 
ever, distinct.      This   is  the  reason  the  illustrations  are  not  made 


'M 


to  show  all  the  plati'H,  iiiul,  for  tht;  siuiio  reaHoii,  llu'io  ih  ii  littlt* 
doubt  about  the  uudiImt  ftiu1  Hhiipc  oF  sonic  of  llu'  pliites  juHt 
below  the  top  of  tho  cnlyx. 

The  first  secondiiry  rtidijilrt  aro  noarly  as  \nv\iv  as  tlu'  tliiid  pri- 
mary radials.  in  ouu  of  the  lati-ral  rays  on  cadi  siiht  thoro  arc  no 
tertiary  radials.  In  each  of  those  two  rays  the  socoiul  stn'ondary 
radials  aro  somewhat  smaller  than  the  lirst  and  extend  to  the 
lower  part  of  the  commencement  of  tlic  enlarjjfement  for  the  arms. 
There  are  three  or  four  more  [)Iatcs  in  ciieli  scries,  forming  t In- 
base  of  the  arms,  before  the  arms  l)Pcome  free.  TIuh  i^ives  us  five 
or  six  secondary  radials  in  each  series,  and  two  arms  to  each  of 
these  rays.  In  the  other  three  rays  then-  is  only  !i  sinji;le  sec- 
ondary radial  in  each.  It  is  pcntaj^onal  and  supports  upon  each 
of  the  upper  sloping  sides  tertiary  radials.  There  are  four  or  live 
tertiary  radials  in  each  series,  the  last  three  or  four  of  wliieli  form 
the  base  of  the  arras  before  they  heconn'  free.  The  last  two  or 
three  plates  in  each  of  the  radial  series  are  more  or  less  cunei- 
form before  the  arms  become  free.  There  are,  therefore,  four 
arms  to  each  of  three  rays  and  two  arms  to  each  of  the  other  two 
rays,  making  in  all  sixteen  arms  to  this  species.  The  arms  are 
composed  of  a  single  series  of  cuneiform  plates. 

In  the  interradial  areas  there  is  one  hexagonal  plate  separating 
the  second  primary  radialp,  and  two  plates  in  the  second  range  sep- 
arating the  third  primary  radials,  each  of  which  is  about  the  size  of 
the  primary  radials.  There  are  three  plates  in  the  third  range,  three 
in  the  fourth  and  three  in  the  fifth;  the  last  form  a  sharp  ridge 
between  the  arm  bases,  which  rises  above  the  vault  plates,  that 
abut  against  it.  In  the  intorsecondary  areas  there  is  one  plate  in 
the  first  range  and  two  in  the  second;  the  latter  form  a  shar]) 
ridge  between  the  arm  bases,  which  rises  above  the  vault  plates 
that  abut  against  it.  First  a/ygous  plate  in  line  with  the  first 
primary  radials  and  of  the  same  size;  it  is  followed  by  three  plates 
of  the  same  size  as  the  first  radials.  Above  these  the  area  and 
arrangement  of  the  plates  is  very  much  like  the  regular  areas, 
with  about  one  more  plate  in  each  range. 

The  vault  bears  a  large  central  plate  with  a  big  conical  spine. 
There  is  also  a  spinous  plate  over  the  junction  of  the  ambulacral 
furrows  in  each  series,  making  six  spinous  plates  on  the  vault. 
The  plates  that  cover  the  vault  are  polygonal  and  of  very  unequal 


:j7 

size.  There  is  »n  orifice  on  tlie  a/ygouH  Hide  of  the  central  flplno. 
The  (iiubuhicral  areas  are  raiscil  into  rouiided  ridgHH  and  th«'  in- 
terradial  areaH  re  d('i)reHs>.^.'d  betwei'ii  the  arnm.  Tli(>  surface  of  the 
plat(;8,  in  our  Bpeciuiens,  is  destroyed  and  the  hiryer  number  of 
the  Butures  are  not  disefirmible. 

This  species  is  distin^'uiK  hod,  by  its  |,'tni('ral  form,  from  all  others. 
The  broad  shallow  calyx,  high  convex  vault,  and  horizontal  arms 
will  alone  distinguish  it.  The  number  and  arrangement  of  the 
arms  is  also  a  distinguishing  feature  as  well  as  the  surface  of  the 
plates,  for  most  species  from  rocks  of  the  same  geological  age, 
have  highly  convex  or  subspinous  plates  in  the  calyx. 

Found  in  the  Hamilton  Group,  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  now  in 
the  collections  of  the  authors. 

AN   INTKRE.STINO   LETTER. 

There  is  a  letter,  on  file  in  the  State  Museum  of  Natural  His- 
tory of  Illinois,  belonging  to  the  G(H)l()gical  Department,  from 
Charles  Wachsmuth,  dated,  at  Burlington,  Iowa,  Au^'ust  9,  189'2, 
containing  the  following  paragraph: 

"I  have  described  the  Enrttlijj)t()criniiH  Unddhli  and  have  sent 
the  description,  together  with  that  of  some  other  new  species  from 
the  Niagara  Group  to  the  American  Geologist  for  early  publication, 
to  secure  priority,  as  I  am  aware  that  S.  A.  Miller  will  be  out 
this  fall,  on  some  of  the  same  species.  This,  of  course,  is  confi-' 
dential,  for  I  do  not  want  Miller  to  know  it." 

There  was  no  more  sympathizing  place,  for  the  publication  of 
such  material,  than  the  American  Geologist,  a  journal  that  never 
aspires  to  a  higher  level  in  scientific  matters. 


-G  G. 


B 


PLATE    1 


DDi.AToi'iiiNi'-  JiA(;Nini  r>.  n.  Bp 

V\'j.  1.     Hasal  view  of  iii:;ilyx  soiiieuliat  iiijiircd  lu^ai  iiiiddli'  |mi-t.' 

Ki^.  •-'.     \iuiU,  a  pnrt  neiiiL'  livokon  away. 

PL',  -i.     I.atfi-al  view  of  calyx,  sliowiiiL'  >i\-ariiM-il  niv  and  li<-i;{ln.  .d  vault. 

|)cli  ATDCUINl    -    -I'lNliSl  -,   II.  ■*l) 

Kifi    I.     Kasiil  viow  of  a  calyx. 

Vi:'.  ■)      l-atcral  view  of  calyx  Mliowins;  some  of  tli>-  siiiiiei*  on  ihc  id.iie-  ot  liie  vaidi. 

l)OI..M'ncltlNU>  I..U'IS,  I.yoii 

Kis.  li.     l-ateral  view  of  a  calyx. 

Fiu'.  V.     Hneal  view.  • 

Dol.ATOCUIMS  11  \1!MU,   KyoH 

I'ig.  s.     Has^al  view  of  a  calyx. 


Bulletin  No.  4. 


ILL.  STATE  MUS.  OF  NAT.  HIST. 


Plate  I. 


^■HUNT.  OH 


»■      1^: 


,    »jlft,iKl  "!>' 


^^     t 


i'l     ^J'l         * 


•■'Ifl  V 


*J't        .       in 


Bt 


•    PLATE  II. 

pAdE. 

14 

DOLATOl  UINl!*   UKANDli,  11.  Sp 

Pig.  1.    Basal  View  of  a  calyx. 

Fis-  2.    Vault,  somewhat  broken  away  near  the  cei.ler, 

Kig.  3.     Lateral  view  of  calyx. 

IB 

DOLATOCKINUS   OUNATl.-rt    V.Ml.  a:^1'EI1.VTUS,  11,    la/ 

Fij,'.  I.     Hasal  view  of  a  oalyx. 

PMe;.  a.     Vault. 

Fii,'.  II.     I.aleral  view  of  calyx 

18 

Dol,.\TO(  BINIB  ORNATUS,  .Moel< 

Fig.  7.     \^i\m\  view  of  a  calyx. 

Fig.  S.    Va'ill. 

Fitr.  !i.     Lateral  view  of  calyx, 

..     'Jl' 

Dol.AT.I.-lUNI.S    ><TK1.UH'KU,  U.  sp 

Fig.  111.    Basal  view  of  a  calyx. 

Fig.  11.     Vault. 

Fig.  1-.:.     Lateral  view  of  a  fragmentary  calyx,  showing  interior  of  hasalB. 

!)0UAUM:mNi;8  BUl.BACElIs,  !1.  SI) 

Fig.  13.     Basal  view  of  a  calyx. 

Fig,  14.     Vault. 

Pig  l.'i.     Lateral  view  of  calyx. 

£i 

DoI.ATOCIUNUS    VIvNUSTtIS,  n.  8p 

Fig.  It).  Basal  view  of  a  calyx. 
Fig.  11.  Lateral  view  (if  calyx. 
Fig.  IS,     Vault 


! 


ILL.  STATE  MUS.  OF  NAT.  HIST. 


Bulletin  No.  4. 


Plate  II. 


,  „,  I 


1  '•'  '«i , 


If: 


Ki 


»!■      ,„ 


t      \\  t    V 


.;-.;- 


*        ■      -■» , 


,'.■;." 


!■   .ill  ii:>fli  0"'  i-f!.  .;  •'.!'    ■ 


iB)IJ<>S!-"llfl    "t^l      i'      Ul'iaiWlft'ldit.l^' 


■  l«   in  1    ^ 


.t'l 


.^ 


y^ 


•% 


'-rf^ 


PLATE  111. 


PAOK. 

24 

UoI.ATOCmNCa   A1'"KATII9,  11.  sp 

Fig.  1.  Basal  view  of  u  calyx. 
Fig. -J.  I.iiterul  view  of  ciilvx. 
Kii.'.  :i     Viiiilt. 

25 

I)tlI..\TOlUlSl  s  ArrKoXlMATl':*,    H.  I*|> 

Fij;.  4.     lineal  vipw  of  n  ciUyx. 

Fig  .i.     Vault 

Fig.  li      l-nU'iiil  view  ot  calyx. 

>!7 

DolATOilllM^    1. IN  KOI. ATI'S,   II.  8|) 

Fli:.  T.  Basal  view  of  :i  calyx. 
Fig,  H.  Lateral  view  of  calyx. 
Fig.  9.     Vault 

DOI.ATOrillMS  (iUKKNKl,  II.  sp 

Fig.  10     Basal  \i<'W  of  i\  calyx 
Fig.  11.     Lateral  view  of  calyx. 
Fi'.'.  VI.     Vault. 

ai 

l!llIN01I>  liASK • 

Fig.  13.    Superior  side  of  an  eroileil  liasc. 
FIl'.  14.     Inferior  Bide  of  same 

..     ..     88 

I.,EC-AN-OCIllNl-S  nsWKOOKNSIS,  II.  sp    

Fig.  15.     Lateral  view  showing  area  on  righl  of  tlie  ray  on  a/.yu'oiis  side. 

Fig.  Pi.     .\zygons  side  view. 

FiL'.  1'.     Vi.'W  of  the  ray  between  the  a/.ygoii^<  urea  and  Ih*'  .irea  sliowii  in  Fi-.  1.' 

MKaisioiuiNCji  KXi'ANsis,  n.  sp 

Fig.  IH.     Basal  view  of  a  ialy\. 
Fig.  19.     Vault. 
Fig.  -Ji.     Lateral  view, 

FiL'. '.il      llasal  view  of  a   smaller  specimen,  showinL'   the  caiiimeiireraent  of   tie'  hoi  i/.ontftl 
anus. 


Bulletin  No.  4. 


ILL.  STATE  MUS.  OF  NAT.  HIST. 


Plate  III. 


